The Community Of The Lgbtq Community - 1593 Words

In the twenty-four hours following the election, a surge in calls to suicide hotlines primarily from those belonging to the LGBTQ community. Trumps victory had caused thousands to suddenly fear their own futures in this country and questioned which of their rights they were going to lose in the next four years. This lead to many calling suicide hotlines for confirmation that life was worth living for and that their was always hope. Crisis lines dedicated to the LGBTQ community were specifically the ones that were most effected. The numbers of calls they were receiving were in the thousands, over doubling the average number of calls received and reaching unprecedented levels. An additional concern is that this may be causing a sudden influx trans-suicides, potentially up to ten. However, none of these cases have as of yet been confirmed, so there is a possibility that no suicides in relation to the election have occurred. Transpeople within America have a particularly precariou s state in this country and the election seems likely to remove their rights in the upcoming years. Regardless, the election has increased the anxieties of countless in this country. This recent development was quite important to me as someone who is part of the LGBTQ community. Although the election was seen as high stakes for both Democrats and Republicans, Trump’s policies will most likely have a negative impact disproportionately on minorities, immigrants, and those who have marginalizedShow MoreRelatedOverview Of The LGBTQ Community914 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction LGBTQ elders, regardless of their sexual orientation, face a number of unique health related challenges as they age. Amongst those challenges are increased isolation, stigma, and loss of cognitive functioning (Hoy-Ellis, Ator, Kerr Milford, 2016). In this essay I have chosen to write on this topic and conducted a literature search on EBSCOhost using the search terms ‘LGBTQ’ and ‘aging.’ The following is based on the article, â€Å"Innovative approaches addressing aging and mental healthRead MoreThe Struggle Of The Lgbtq Community Essay1859 Words   |  8 PagesThe struggle of the LGBTQ community was captured by the documentary, Before Stonewall. Before Stonewall follows captures what life was like for members of the LGBTQ community before the Stonewall Inn riots and subsequently the â€Å"Gay Rights Movement†, through each decade, interviewing members of the community who lived before the â€Å"Gay Rights Movement†. The documentary splits the struggles of the LGBTQ people by decades. It started with LGBTQ people living in isolation and secrecy in the 1920s and slowlyRead MoreThe Reality Of The Lgbtq Community1404 Words   |  6 Pagesexperiences of lesbian motherhood. They appear progressive at face value, even queer at times, yet, they ultimately uphold assimilationist politics and dodge the potential for queerness or advocacy. This is obscures and distorts the reality of the LGBTQ+ community and reaffirms the social boundaries which constrain lesbian parents to narrow standards. H1: Summary From this analysis, it is apparent that The Kids Are All Right and The Fosters strategically attempt to gain respectability for lesbian parentsRead MoreThe Rights Of The Lgbtq Community1217 Words   |  5 PagesThe LGBTQ community has been denied certain rights because of their sexual preference. Because there is not a natural born man and woman standing at the aisle, many states deny them the right to marriage. Many protest the rights the LGBTQ community should be able to have. The Catholic Church has condemned the LGBTQ community since the beginning of time. While some states have changed their views and laws on LGBTQ rights and privileges, there is still much improvement that needs to be done. Who givesRead MoreThe Rights Of The Lgbtq Community Essay1176 Words   |  5 Pageshe status of the LGBTQ community in each decade, starting in the early 1900s, held many key leaders, organizations, and events that were pivotal in the Gay Rights Movement. The documentary begins speaking about homosexuality in the 1900s. No one really talked about sexuality. It was a just common knowledge, however if you were thought to be living a lesbian or gay life, it was grounds for being locked up in a mental institution. Many gay men however could recognize each other through either smallRead MoreA Misconception Of The Lgbtq Community1959 Words   |  8 PagesThere seems to be a misconception that the LGBTQ community is immune to poverty when in actuality, a large majority of them are living in poor conditions. When most people think of gay men specifically, they think of rich, white men living in suburban areas, wearing designer clothes, constantly accessorized, and shop at expensive boutiques. But that is simply not the case. In fact, most LGBTQ people are poor or working-class, female, and people of color who struggle with obtaining or keeping a jobRead MoreDiscrimination Towards The Lgbtq Community1483 Words   |  6 PagesCarolyn Kasper Mrs. Gallos English 3 6 April 2017 Discrimination Towards the LGBTQ Community We as a society are not doing enough to end the discrimination in the LGBTQ ( Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer) community . There is no reason to discriminate someone for what they do behind closed doors and they should keep their negative words and actions to themselves. No one no matter what they believe in should be discriminated against. Just because someone who is attracted to the sameRead MoreAmerican Laws And The Lgbtq Community1407 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Laws and the LGBTQ+ Community â€Å"Discrimination [dih-skrim-uh-ney-shuh n]: treatment or consideration of, or making a distinction in favor of or against, a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person or thing belongs rather than on individual merit.† Right from the dictionary, the definition is clear. Look back 95 years to 1920, where women across America raised their voices and fought back for the right to vote. Now take a look back 48 years ago when in 1967Read MoreLgbtq Youth And Its Impact On The Community Essay1696 Words   |  7 Pagesthat LGBTQ youth are not able to get the help in school which causes them to have low self-esteem, not show up to school, and even engage in risky behavior. School psychologists must provide services for their entire student body and that includes youth apart of the LGBTQ community. Regardless of what their beliefs are it’s important that they give LGBTQ youth the support that they need and also help them work towards a positi ve identity while going the process of coming out. To assist LGBTQ youthRead MoreConversion Therapy And Its Effects On The Lgbtq Community1218 Words   |  5 Pagesbelieves in such treatment. That alone is a huge threat to people of the LGBTQ+ community. Conversion therapy is affecting the LGBTQ+ community greatly. Conversion therapy can be defined as â€Å"psychological interventions, from behavioral methods to psychoanalytic approaches† to change a person’s sexuality or gender identity (Hadelman, pg. 202, 2002). This treatment has been proven to not work as well as having harmful implications to LGBTQ+ people. In 1960, the conversion therapy movement began in the

Human Rights, Democracy, And Peace - 1134 Words

â€Å"In a few decades, the relationship between the environment, resources, and conflict may seem almost as obvious as the connection we see today between human rights, democracy, and peace (Nobel Peace Prize Medalist Maathai 2004).† TransCanada, a Canadian company, has high hopes of beginning to build an oil pipeline that would stretch close to 2,000 miles from Alberta, Canada to the Gulf Coast of Texas. With the approval of construction, the pipeline, known as the Keystone XL, would carry one of the world’s filthiest fuels; tar sand oil. Tar sands oil alone has levels of carbon dioxide emissions that are three to four times higher than those of conventional oil, due to more energy-intensive removal and refining processes (Friends of the†¦show more content†¦The U.S. uses nearly 400 million gallons of oil every day moving people in automobiles, goods on freight trucks, air travel, also rail and transit. Cars and everyday trucks use nine million barrels of oil per day alone (Sierra Club Foundation). Oil poses major environmental problems, and the world’s heavy reliance on it for transportation makes it difficult to reduce consumption. Spilled oil can harm living things because its chemical components are poisonous. This can affect organisms both from internal exposure to oil through ingestion or inhalation and from external exposure through skin and eye irritation. Oil can also smother some small species of fish or invertebrates and coat feathers and fur, reducing birds and mammals ability to maintain their body temperatures. The short-term threat from heavy oils, like tar sand oil, comes from their ability to smother organisms whereas over the long-term, some long-lasting health effects like tumors may result in some organisms (Office of Response and Restoration). If animals like birds and otters become drenched in heavy oil, they lose the ability to keep themselves warm and eventually die. The Keystone XL supporters exhaust the idea that constructing of the Keystone will create thousands of jobs. While that is partially true, the numbers are exaggerated and unemployment will only raise half of what supporters

Introducing the New Coke free essay sample

What is the case about? This case study is the story of Coca-Cola, its history and the report about one of the most fascinating stories about the company this is still regarded by many as a mysterious case: â€Å"the introduction of the new Coke†. The author Susan Fournier, in the case study went on by presenting the history of the Coca-Cola Company: how the company started and how throughout its history it became a brand, a part of everyone’s life both nationally and globally. Anecdotes and little stories were told about how Coca-Cola became a part of the American Culture, it how it changed the way consumers around the world perceived the Christmas holiday (Coca-Cola Classic Santa Claus). Midway through the case study, the author introduced what is still perceived today as one of the most intrigued case studies: the way Coca-Cola handled one of its competitors, Pepsi-Cola, and the introduction of the new Coke. The author walked us through how with marketing research, product testing (The Pepsi Challenge) and effective advertising, Pepsi-Cola was able to introduce itself in the American culture. Pepsi became Coca-Cola’s fierce competitor and started getting a growing share of the market of soft drinks. Blinded by internal and other distractions, Coca-Cola was caught by surprise when introduced â€Å"the Pepsi Challenge†, a series of blind tests where potential consumers tasted both Pepsi and Coke, with the results concluding that Pepsi had a better taste than Coke. Coca-Cola quick called the move false advertisement and conducted its own blind test only to realized what was already stated. Referring to the study case, Coca-Cola was more than a beverage company, it became a part of culture and politics, it changed the way Americans viewed Christmas, and it went global†¦ I think that Coca-Cola is not only in the beverage business, but also in entertainment, memory sharing, it provides nostalgia, a sense of ownership, pride, personality and belonging to its consumers, mostly in the US. Coca-Cola business is to offer a fun, memory-inspiring sweet beverage. 3. What was Coca-Cola’s brand building strategy? Where did Coke’s meanings come from? How did Coke’s meanings make a connection to consumers and to Christmas? Coca-Cola’s brand building strategy started first by finding its target, which early in its history was the non-alcoholic drinker. Shortly after the acquisition of the company by Griggs Candler who’s dream was â€Å"to place Coke within arm’s reach of desire wherever there are people who get thirsty†; Coca-Cola started building his brand. The strategy then was focused around: availability, affability and acceptability of its target public. To provide he aforementioned, the company focused on the price value of the product, preference and penetration. By connecting to their consumers constantly and effectively through excellent advertising, Coca-Cola was able to provide brand loyalty. With diversification within the company’s products, the brand was able to stay relevant throughout time. Coca-Cola meanings came from various sources, most notably the changes in the culture in the United States in the 1900s. The company quickly adapted to the social and cultural changes like pop culture; throughout artwork, they were able to reach the heart of America’s youth. The company was able to take advantage of the current events; most notably the world war which helped the company’s being global. The story of coke and Santa Claus was a strong example of how Coke’s meanings made a connection to Christmas and forever associated itself with America’s youth. In the early 1900s, Santa Claus was represented in various ways to the American audience: the saint was illustrated in blue, yellow or green; sometimes he was tall or was an elf. Coca-Cola hired an artist, Haddon Sundblom, who, in 1931, created the Coca-Cola classic Santa Claus. The caricature presented everything about the brand: it was bigger than life and joyful. With his illustrations and those awaited yearly Christmas ads, the artist and Coca-Cola shaped the way we, the consumers view Santa today. 4. What was Pepsi’s meaning management game? Was it really a threat to Coke? How should have responded to Pepsi’s meaning making advances? Pepsi’s meaning management game was totally different from Coke’s; it had to be in order to survive. Pepsi’s strategy was focused more on the user, rather than the product. By identifying itself to its target, the new generation, Pepsi was able to channel its message. The â€Å"Pepsi generation† ad campaign was a great reason for the growth of the brand. I believe that Pepsi was starting to become a concern, not a threat to coke. In my opinion, Coca-Cola’s mistakes were what help Pepsi’s growth to a certain degree. I believe that, if Coca-Cola took the time to keep an eye and research the competition and hire the right talent for the right positions, instead of focusing on internal problems reported by the case, it would have been better equipped to respond to Pepsi’s meaning making advances. I believe that they Coke should have stuck to their position and reinforce their position in the market that was already theirs, while developing news ways to adapt to the new trends of the culture in America. In terms of brand loyalty, Pepsi was nowhere near Coke, therefore Coke should of use that fact and keep on growing, because the brand was already established as a part of American lives, something that Pepsi, even with their meaning, wasn’t able to surpass. 5. What do you make of Keough’s marketing insights and Goizueta’s famous speech as chairman? What were their core assumptions, their mandates? Is this the stuff brand meaning makers are made of? I believe that Goizueta’s famous speech, although rejuvenating was not the right course of actions for the company because he was totally wrong in his assessments which were: †¢ Statistical results that led him to believe that Coca-Cola distribution process was not the best †¢ He also believed that the company’s marketing strategy was not good enough †¢ He kept comparing his company to others Although to a certain degree he might have been right, he failed miserably in assessing what was working for its company which was its brand. In terms of brand meaning making, he was not the right talent, he lacked perspective because he should have known that you do not change a winning team in the face of adversity, you tweak it. I believe that no matter what the company is going through, if the brand management is strong the company can surpass any obstacles because with a strong brand, the consumers will keep on coming, it is a matter of nourishing the success of that brand, hence always ocus on the consumer and find ways to keep him happy. 6. Hindsight is indeed 20/20, but putting bias aside, what major factor do you think caused the failure of the new Coke launch? Do you think it was the product, the process or both? I believe that the failure of the launch of the new Coke was cause by the â€Å"new product† and its process. I think the major factor of the failure was th at they high administration of the company reacted emotionally to their competitor and ended up losing their identity by trying to come with a new product to present to the consumers. The company should use the formula that it had been using since the beginning of the 19th century, adapt to the consumer desire. In addition, I believe that the company didn’t handle the introduction of the new coke to the public well. They had put their focus on the wrong aspect: advertising, thinking that a strong campaign will help encourage the consumer to adopt the new product; an assessment that was totally wrong. Meanwhile, the consequence was Pepsi being able capitalize on these mistakes, because they had figure out that they need a constant eye on the competitor in order to better adapt. . Coca-Cola invested $4 million researching the reformulation, yet they still got it very, very wrong. Keough claims that â€Å"all the time and money and skill poured into consumer research on the new Coke could not measure or reveal the deep and abiding emotional attachment to original Coca-Cola felt by so many consumers, the passion for original coke†¦ it is a wonderful Ameri can enigma, and you cannot measure it any more than you can you can measure love, pride or patriotism. † Is Keogh right? If so how can you manage it if you can’t measure it? By focusing on the user in its early ages, along with keeping in touch with the socio-cultural and political changes throughout the years in society, Coca-Cola was able to build a strong an effective brand. The brand became a part of life of every American to the point that some consumers referred to drinking Coke as a patriotic act. I believe that Keogh was right in his assessment. Yes, indeed it is difficult, may be impossible to measure, but manageable. In my opinion, with the loyalty of the consumers, the brand already had a tremendous asset; managing the brand and keep the product in the mind of the consumers was how I think that Coca-Cola could manage the emotional attachment of the consumers. 8. What does the case reveal about how brand meanings are developed and cultivated? From the brand management strategies of both Coca-Cola and Pepsi, the case revealed some great insights about how brand meaning are developed and cultivated. Below is a list of what I believe are key concepts narrated in the case that proves this assessment: †¢ Cultural awareness: being able as a company to keep track of what is going on the society in the means of culture, politics, social and other factors †¢ The focus on the consumer: by being able to focus on the consumer and the research of its environment, the companies were able to cater to them, hence producing economic growth Using the right tools: in the case of Coca-Cola, using everything that is available to the consumer to be able to reach out to your audience. †¢ Marketing research and consumer behavior: with the Pepsi challenge, the company was able to build a whole strategy that focused on its target, the new generation, which help the company climb the mountain of success and relevance in the eyes of the public. 9. What can you draw from the case that relates to consumer culture and its impact on consumer behavior? A couple of anecdotes in the case can help draw the relation to consumer culture and its impact on consumer behavior. In the early 1900s it was about freedom, American society and a sense of freedom, Coca-Cola responded by advertising their product has being fresh and a provider of freedom; the consumers would then easily connect to that. The idea of selling Coca-Cola overseas to the troops while the world was at war brought a sense of patriotism and ownership to the product, consumers then felt a sense of safety and pride when drinking a coke. The Christmas ads were also another example, by caricaturing Santa as a hard worker who brings gifts to the kids, the youth was able to connect and by rewarding Santa with a Coke after a night of hard work, parents could also relate. These are prime examples narrated throughout the case that relates to consumer culture and its impact on consumer behavior. 10. What does the case suggest about conducting marketing research and consumer perception? The story on how Pepsi began to grow his brand is an excellent example of marketing research and consumer perception. At the time, Pepsi was able to research the behavior of the baby boomers, who back then, were considered the new generation. Pepsi was able to identify itself to this group and allowed these consumers to feel a sentiment of identity. Pepsi product testing also helped them in their research. As it is reported in the case, Pepsi capitalized on the results of these blind tests conducted on both Pepsi and its competitor. The company was able to build a strategy around its research results that led to the growth of the company as a whole.

T.H. Marshalls Theory of Citizenship Essay Example

T.H. Marshalls Theory of Citizenship Paper Critically discuss T. H. Marshall’s theory of citizenship as outlined inCitizenship and Social Class ( 1949/1992 ) . At the Centre of the development of citizenship in modern Britain is the pioneering work of T.H. Marshall ( Faulks, 1998 ) . T.H. Marshall proposed an highly influential theory in respects to citizenship ( Dwyer, 2010 ) . Through his analysis of citizenship, Marshall has to be acknowledged as placing an original theoretical base point from which to understand a societal phenomenon ( Held and Thompson, 1989 ) . Few British Social Scientists other than Marshall have straight considered the construct of citizenship and made it their cardinal focal point in their work ( Lister, 2010 ) . Therefore, it has been Marshall’s part that has been considered a get downing point for farther research into the topic of citizenship rights ( Held and Thompson, 1989 ) . Furthermore, as Roche ( 1992 ) has identified, Marshall’s writings organize a cardinal text which he has labelled the ‘Dominant paradigm’ within citizenship theory in Britain ( Faulks, 1998 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on T.H. Marshalls Theory of Citizenship specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on T.H. Marshalls Theory of Citizenship specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on T.H. Marshalls Theory of Citizenship specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When reviewing the work of Marshall it is of import to recognize how defining citizenship is built-in to understanding the constructs expressed in his work and others to day of the month. Marshall defined citizenship as ‘full rank of a community’ ( Marshall, 1963: 72 ) . Marshall so clarified that full citizenship position involved rank of a national community ( Dwyer, 2010 ) . Marshall’s deduction was that each person considered a citizen could, hence, expect certain rights of entitlement from the province and in return would be expected to continue certain criterions or responsibilities within the community to be considered a ‘citizen’ . As the definition of citizenship has developed over the old ages so has the constructs of which it encompasses. As such, when reviewing Marshall’s work it is of import to admit the epoch during which the theories considered were proposed as noted by Dwyer ( 2010 ) . The fortunes during the clip of this essay were well different to those of modern society within Britain. Marshall’s work was considered following the Second World War and the constitution of the station war public assistance colony ( Dwyer, 2010 ) . Consequently, this has led to critical treatment of Marshall’s theories sing citizenship and its value by a figure of faculty members to day of the month ( Alcock, 1989 ; Delanty, 2000 ; Dwyer, 2010 and Lister, 2010 ) . Marshall considers each facet by analyzing each attack historically to the development for rights. Marshall outlined three interlinked elements of rights that took the signifier of civil, political and societal rights ( Lister, 2010 ) . The construct of civil rights in Britain came to prominence during the 18th century and included ; ‘the rights necessary for single freedom, autonomy of the individual, freedom of address, thought and faith, the right to have belongings and to reason valid contractors, and the right to justice’ ( Marshall, 1963: 74 ) . Discussion of political rights followed during the 19th century, which included, the right to vote and stand for political office ( Marshall, 1949/1992 ) . The concluding component of rights was concluded with the ownership of societal rights to to the full categorize person as a citizen. The construct of societal rights developed chiefly in the station Second World War period. Marshall’s definition of societal rights has undergone much examination due to his equivocal theoretical position. Powell ( 2002 ) and Dwyer ( 2010 ) in peculiar remark on this deficiency of lucidity, â€Å"He is clear that there is no overarching cosmopolitan rule that decidedly defines what citizenship grants or requires† ( Dwyer, 2010:39 ) . As Marshall ( 1949/92 ) high spots on several occasions, civil citizenship rights are wholly of the conditions of a free market economic system, including a free labor market. Conversely, Marshall appears to be instead cognizant of the contradictions within the assorted strands of citizenship, although the facets seem to complect it would look they do non ever agree. Potential contradictions between societal and civil citizenship, Marshall openly discussed in footings of the struggle between citizenship and category ( Bagguley, 2013 ) . As Turner ( 1993 ) indicates, Marshall’s analysis of capitalist economy versus democracy contained a figure of ambiguities, but as a whole, Marshall strongly argued that the public assistance province would restrict the negative impact of category differences on single life-chances. Ultimately this would heighten the individual’s committedness to the system. Additionally, the epoch of which societal rights were development may impact how some persons may construe them ( Lister, 2010 ) . The development of civil freedoms was a important measure in the undoing of the hierarchal crude restrictions of position or responsibility to an individual’s societal higher-ups ( Lister, 2010 ) . Civil freedoms were besides a necessary foundation for the ulterior development of the 2nd type of rights noted by Marshall as political rights. Marshall acknowledges four major purposes to his essay. First, he examines whether citizenship is compatible with the category construction in a capitalist society such as Britain. Although he states this is possible, persons such as Faulks, ( 1998 ) feel he is ‘cautious’ in saying this. The tenseness between citizenship and capitalist economy arises out of the fact that citizenship high spots equality, while capitalist economy presumes inequality ( Dwyer, 2010 ) . For Marshall, the compatibility of citizenship with capitalist economy was due to societal rights by ‘civilising’ the impact of the market ( Faulks, 1998 ) . Marshall identifies the addition of incomes, the growing of nest eggs and the success of mass production as enabling society to redistribute wealth and societal power ( Lister, 2010 ) . Developments such as the progressive revenue enhancement system and the usage of legal assistance are shown to cut down the influence of category, efficacious ly, making societal justness via societal rights ( Held and Thompson, 1989 ) . As his 2nd consideration, truly, Marshall argues that citizenship in Britain can non be to the full achieved without changing market operations of the clip ( Faulks, 1998 ) . Third, Marshall identifies the displacement to rights away from duties and the consequence of this, and he considered this to be the most of import facet of citizenship in modern Britain ( Somers, 2004 ) . Finally, Marshall attempts to set up the bounds of societal equality and find merely how far the battle for societal justness could realistically travel ( Tilly, 1996 ) . Marshall contended an image of an ‘ideal citizenship’ and thereby, a end towards which aspirations can be directed. T.H. Marshall’s attack to societal citizenship has been regarded as a democratic socialist position. As Delanty ( 2002 ) recognised, societal democracy and Marshall’s classless liberalism had several facets in common. Other influential minds such as Richard Titmuss shared a similar passion within the societal democratic tradition ( Dwyer, 2010 ) . Dwyer ( 2010 ) and Alcock and Oakley ( 2001 ) have identified the attacks of Titmuss and Marshall, who portion several resemblances. Each author showed a considerable importance to universal unrestricted public assistance rights. Furthermore, both Marshall and Titmuss, outlined the designation and consideration of the ‘class struggle’ which is notably identified as an of import facet of the development of societal citizenship. Marshall and Titmuss besides suggest that the development of British industrial capitalist economy is of greater significance for the outgrowth of societal rights ( Dwyer, 2010 ) . Additiona lly, the two authors shared the same optimism about the motives that underpin human nature. Titmuss and Marshall both assumed that citizens would largely act in a responsible mode and expression to heighten their ain lives, and the lives of fellow members of their national community, instead than mistreat any benefits that societal rights may convey for single addition ( Alcock and Oakley, 2001 ) As Dwyer ( 2010 ) , truly provinces, personal reading is finally what pins down the determination about whether or non the work of T.H. Marshall can be seen as societal democratic. Key subjects that are cardinal to Social Democracy have been identified as: the publicity of equality, freedom, societal integrating and cosmopolitan rights to welfare ( Held and Thompson, 1989 ; Turner, 1993 ) . Arguably Marshall’s ( 1949/92 ) indorsement of these beliefs identifies him as a societal Democrat of kinds, even if possibly he moved off from this place in ulterior life. Delanty ( 2000 ) refers to Marshall’s positions as a socially democratic left flying broad attack to citizenship. Marshall’s Citizenship theory, although seen as pioneering, has been the head of many reviews ( Dwyer, 2010 ) . As Tilly ( 1996 ) provinces, Marxist critics of Marshall’s work on citizenship are widely known, depicting the analysis Marshall has given every bit superficial as it does non highlight, a citizen’s right to command economic production, which has been argued as a necessity for continual shared richness ( Somers, 1994 ) . Furthermore, feminist positions as stated by Lister ( 2008 ) states Marshall’s theory as being highly confined in being entirely on work forces, while non admiting, the societal rights of adult females. ( Held and Thompson 1989 ) . Therefore, Marshall’s Theory reflects that of merely the on the job category white male position ( Lister, 2003 ) . His statement that in England wholly people were free and had civil rights can be seen as fancied, as at the clip merely work forces had ‘legal freedom’ or the capable ness to exert political or civil rights ( Lister, 2008 ) . Additionally, Marshall does non discourse other facets of society including 2nd category citizens and gender and racial hierarches ( Tilly, 1996 ) . Although Marshall did non discourse the issues associated with 2nd category people, he acknowledged that citizenship itself plays a portion in societal inequality ( Marshall, 1942/92 ) . As one time noted earlier it is of import to understand the fortunes during the clip of this essay were well different to those of modern society within Britain ( Dwyer, 2010 ) Furthermore, Neo-liberal positions and free market political orientation asserts that the non-engagement of the province from economic protection is the foundation of a society with strength and goodness ( Held and Thompson, 1989 ) . Consequently they are wholly opposed to the societal rights proposed by Marshall ( Turner, 1993 ) . Neo-liberals alternatively suggest that public assistance plans such as some of the societa l duties discussed by Marshall to assist the hapless in efficaciously using their civil and political rights, have promoted passiveness among the hapless without bettering life opportunities and have created a civilization of public assistance dependence ( Held and Thompson, 1989 ; Roche, 1992 ) . Citizenship, or the equality of rights it generates, becomes an integrative procedure antagonizing the inclinations towards societal division and struggle generated by the economic system. For Marshall, inequality was non an issue within itself. His focal point was to happen an acceptable balance between the forces for inequality and those for equality ( Lewis 1998 ) . Marshall distinguished between countries of the public assistance province where greater grades of inequality where acceptable and those where this was non the instance, as the contrasts between the wellness service system and legal assistance high spot ( Marshall, 1949/92 ) . Furthermore, this illustrated that for Marshall, citizenship concepts an affinity between rights and responsibilities. However, this balance is non distributed every bit among all who might do the claim to citizenship ( Lewis, 1998 ) . To reason, while sing whether citizenship is compatible with the category construction in a capitalist society such as Britain, Marshall seems cautious in saying that this is possible ( Faulks, 1998 ) . Marshall provided an evolutionary position of citizenship, developing through assorted phases and degrees to make its concluding incarnation in the rules of British public assistance political relations ( Turner, 1993 ) . The extent of rights and responsibilities that citizenship entails is unfastened to ongoing argument and has been challenged over clip. However, Marshall seems positive about the enrichment of citizenship at the clip of authorship ( Dwyer, 2010 ) . Initially, Marshall put the relationship between the citizen, the province and the societal public assistance at the Centre of his analysis. Marshall achieved this by his suggestion of consisting citizenship into three complecting facets. Marshall viewed civil, political and societal rights as a consequence of an evolution ary procedure, with each component overlapping ( Turner, 1993 ) . Marshall’s citizenship is a position rendered to people who can claim full citizenship of a community. Although, as noted by Lewis ( 1998 ) Marshall did non clearly province a standard to which people may get such rank. Furthermore, there is a long and on-going argument as to whether Marshall intended his historical analysis to be interpreted as a general theory of citizenship or whether the essay was merely a commentary on the developments of citizenship within England ( Faulks, 1998 ) . Bibliography. Alcock, P. ( 1989 ) . ‘Why Citizenship and New Welfare Rights Offer new Hope for Welfare in Britain, ’ Critical Social Policy,Vol 19, no 2, pp 32-43 Alcock, P. and Oakley, A. ( 2001 ) . ‘Introduction’ , in P.Alcock, H Glennerster, A. Oakley and A. Sinfield ( explosive detection systems )Welfare and Wellbeing: Richard Titmuss’s part to societal policy,Bristol: The Policy Press, pp1-9 Bagguley, P. ( 2013 ) Industrial citizenship: a re-conceptualisation and instance survey of the UK ,International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy,Vol. 33 no: 5/6, pp.265 279 Delanty, G. ( 2000 )Citizenship in a Global Age: Society Culture and Politics,Buckingham: Open University Press Dwyer, P. ( 2010 ) .Understanding Social Citizenship: Subjects and positions for policy and pattern. 2nd erectile dysfunction. Great Britain: The Policy Press. Faulks, K ( 1998 ) .Citizenship in Modern Britain. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Held, D. and Thompson, J. ( 1989 ) .Social Theory of Modern Societies: Anthony Giddens and His Critics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lewis, G. ( 1998 ) . Citizenship. In: Hughes, G.Imagining Welfare Futures. London: Routledge Ltd. pp 103-50. Lister, R ( 2003 ) .Citizenship: Feminist Positions. 2nd erectile dysfunction. New York: New York University Press. 2003. Lister, R ( 2010 ) .Understanding Theories and Concepts in Social Policy.Great Britain: The Policy Press. Marshall, T.H. ( 1949/92 ) ‘Citizenship and societal class’ , in T.H. Marshall and T.Bottomore,Citizenship and societal category, London: Pluto Press Marshall, T.H. and Bottomore, T. ( 1992 )Citizenship and societal category,London: Pluto Press Powell, M. ( 2002 ) ‘The Hidden History of Social Citizenship’ ,Citizenship Studies,Vol 6, no 3, pp 229-45 Somers, M. R. ( 1994) , Rights, Relationality, and Membership: Rethinking the Making and Meaning of Citizenship. Law A ; Social Inquiry, 19: 63–114. Tilly, C ( 1996 ) .Citizenship, Identity and Social History.International Review of Social History, 40, pp 1-17. Turner, B ( 1993 ) .Citizenship and Social Theory. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Student Exam figure: Y82850301